The Heir-Conditioned Office - The Dual-Edged Sword of Nepotism

Frank DeDominicis • September 22, 2026

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Nepotism generates debate: is it inherently negative, or can it sometimes be beneficial because of factors like proximity bias and trust? This tension forms the core question explored throughout the following cases and examples. To address this debate, let’s explore a provocative case that challenges the legality of nepotism, setting the stage for a deeper discussion.

A well-known example is Trump's 2017 appointment of his son-in-law and daughter to lead two offices, despite many calling it unfair for political reasons. At that time, about two-thirds of people believed Trump broke the law by giving family members government jobs, in violation of the 1967 law that prohibits relatives from holding government jobs. The law is called the "Postal Revenue and Federal Salary Act of 1967." Polls showed that people were more concerned about their lack of experience than about conflicts of interest. People with more education worried more about conflicts of interest.

Despite criticism, Trump made these choices and later reappointed Kushner as ‘Special Envoy for Peace’ during the undeclared 2026 Iran war; Ivanka took on a lower profile.

Pope Innocent XII

Catholic Church Nepotism

The main rule that ended nepotism in the Catholic Church is a law made by Pope Innocent XII in 1692. Today, the church speaks out against nepotism and favoritism, though this wasn't always the case, especially when church leaders acted badly in the past.

Nepotism is closely tied to the history of the Catholic Church. The word was made to describe how popes appointed family—often called "nephews"—to top church jobs. For a long time, 'Cardinal-nephew' was a real job in the church.

Rodrigo Borgia

The Borgia Dynasty: Pope Alexander VI

The Borgia family's case is well-known. Rodrigo Borgia, later Pope (1492–1503), also got his job through nepotism. His uncle, Pope Callixtus III, made him a cardinal.

Alexander VI made his 18-year-old son, Cesare, a cardinal. Cesare was the first to quit being a cardinal, choosing to lead his father’s armies instead. The Pope used church money and power to help his children. His daughter, Lucrezia, was married off three times for family gain. If you like scandals, you can find a video about her in the references below.

Lucrezia Borgia's name bears a notable resemblance to Cruella de Vil, the antagonist in Dodie Smith’s 1956 novel, One Hundred and One Dalmatians . It is worth considering whether the naming was intentional or coincidental. Examining similarities between the two figures may provide further insight.

Cruella de Vil and Lucrezia Borgia

Similarly, nepotism has played a complex role in colonial administrations. Consider the case of the Governor-General of the Philippines, which historians have examined for its paradoxes.

During Spain’s colonial rule, the Governor-General of the Philippines (1690–1701), Fausto Cruzat y Góngora, turned government into a family business. Cruzat gave most jobs to relatives and friends from Spain. Still, he was a very good money manager in the colony. He fixed lost tax revenue and balanced the budget. This shows nepotism is rare but sometimes works if the person is skilled. An interesting dilemma, right?

Caligula & Incitatus

Animal Nepotism

The most unusual example of nepotism is the story of Roman Emperor Caligula making his horse, Incitatus, a senator or consul. This story is used to show how people thought he was mad or disliked the Roman elite.

Negatives of Nepotism

The practice of favoring relatives or friends for jobs or promotions involves several systemic and organizational disadvantages:

Erosion of Morale and Culture When staff think promotions are given to family rather than based on skill, they lose interest. High achievers feel unimportant and may leave, making the workplace unpleasant.

Skills Gap and Incompetence

Choosing a family member over someone more skilled can lead to poor decisions, mistakes at work, and reduced productivity.

Reduced Innovation

Nepotism often leads to groups that gossip and hurt the culture. Families usually share the same views and rarely challenge ideas. This means fewer fresh ideas and limits the company's creativity.

Legal and Reputation Risks

Nepotism is not always against the law, but it might cause claims of unfair treatment if it keeps out protected groups. If people know about nepotism, it can harm a company’s reputation. This makes it hard to hire good workers or keep investors.

Conflict of Interest

Managers may find it hard to be fair when supervising family members. This complicates reviews, discipline, and pay talks because personal feelings get involved.

The Entitlement Trap

Families that benefit from nepotism might not get peer respect, or they may become entitled, harming teamwork and stopping others from trying hard.

Benefits of Nepotism

The main argument against nepotism is that it hurts hiring the best people. Still, nepotism can have some benefits in groups or workplaces.

Enhanced Trust and Loyalty

Outside hires don’t have the same trust as family or close friends. This means less need to watch over them or worry about stealing or spying.

Streamlined Onboarding and Integration

A family in business often knows how it works, what it values, and its way of doing things. This makes onboarding and fitting in quicker and easier.

Long-Term Stability and Continuity

Nepotism helps make leadership changes smoother. The family has a stake in keeping the group strong and wants the business to do well for a long time, not just now.

Stronger Commitment During Crisis

When times are tough, families will often take pay cuts or work more to help the business survive, because they feel responsible for its future.

Efficient Communication

Close personal relationships often involve a ‘shorthand’ communication style. This can lead to faster decision-making and a more unified vision at the executive level, as goals and perspectives often align.

Preservation of Organizational Knowledge

Nepotism keeps company secrets and important knowledge within the group. This stops key information from reaching competitors.

While nepotism is generally seen as negative due to its impact on meritocracy and organizational trust, it is important to weigh both its drawbacks and potential advantages. The cases above illustrate that nepotism exists on a spectrum—sometimes undermining, sometimes supporting, effective governance and leadership. To further explore these nuances, review the references below.

-Frank DeDominicis

REFERENCES

Employee Engagement Trends in 2026 https://bit.ly/4uF0NYV

Nepotism in the Workplace: What It Is and How to Prevent It (2026 Guide) https://www.business.com/articles/prevent-workplace-nepotism/

Understanding Nepotism in the Workplace https://www.indeed.com/hire/c/info/nepotism-in-the-workplace

What is Nepotism in the Workplace?

Favoritism, Nepotism, and Legacy Employees https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-6r_v-tVr0

What Is Nepotism? - Making Politics Simple https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-f-XyUUYhk4

How To Deal With Nepotism At Work - The Ethical Compass https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MW2UFKDC04k

Lucrezia Borgia: Her Marriages, Heartaches, and Loves https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLvhvhKUUyM

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